Ṭam Politik : Rilṭam An Zalen Thei Lo

              Mihring a nun theih nana pawimawh ber te zinga mi chu ei tur, in tur leh chenna in a ni ti ila kan sawi sual tampui lovang. Rilṭam tan hla mawiin awmzia a nei lova, tui hal tan incheina nalh emaw in lianpui emawin awmzia a nei lo. Mafaa khan poetry hmangin mawi takin a lehkhabu Chawlhna Tuikam-ah khan a lo ziak tawh a,

Rilṭam tan mawina-in
awmzia a nei lo va
hla-ah chaw a haw hek lo
Lunglenna pawh
Mimawl inhnangfakna mai lo ni e.
Thu pawh hahthlawnna bawk.
tiin.

              Kum 1965 khan Adlai Stevenson chuanin UN Assembly-ah “Mihring rilṭam chu mi zalen a ni lo (A hungry man is not a free man)” tiin a lo sawi bawk a. Hemi hunlai hi Cold War hunlai a ni a, Cold War chu Asia, Africa leh Latin America a mipuite’n an tuar nasa em em mai a, heng hmunah hian USA leh USSR-in thuneihna huang a inchuh vang a ni. Chung ram tam takah te chuan ṭam te a tla a, hmasawnna hmuh tur a tlem em em mai bawk. Chu rilṭamna aṭang chuan chhuah zalen a har a, mihring rilṭam chu mi zalen a nih theih tlat loh avangin.

              Chu rilṭamna avanga tawrhna, duh pawh thlan hleih theih lohna tarmit atang chuan kan sulhnu tam tak, kan history te hi thlir a ngai a, a ṭul a, a pawimawh hle.

Ṭam Chu!

              Zofate chanchin kan chhuina a ṭam tla kan sawi hi chuan Mautam avanga ṭam tla emaw Ṭhingtam avanga ṭam tla emaw kan sawina a ni tlangpui. Ṭhingtam hi kum 30 danah a thleng tlangpui a, Mautam hi kum 50 danah a thleng tlangpui bawk. Kan pi pute khan ṭam a tlak dawna thil awm dan te kha an lo chik chiangin an lo zir chiang em em mai a. Mau a par a, mau a rah chuan ṭam a tla dawnin an ngai ṭhin a, tin, Thangnang puang te pawh ṭam hmahruaiah an ngai a ni. Sap ho khan Mizote chenna rama ṭam tlak dan leh tlak chhan hi an man lawk lo zawk a, kan pi pute’n an hrilh chhun te kha a tirah chuan an awih duh lo a, awih tlakah an ngai lo, mahse, a thleng ta tak tak zel si a.

              Mautam avanga ṭam tla chungchanga report hmasa ber chu Captain McCuloch-a report kha a ni a, 1861-a ṭam tla chungchang kha a ni. Kum 1881 khan J Knox Wright-an Mautam leh Ṭhingtam ṭam hi hriatthiam a zir chian a lo tum ṭan a. Mizo lal ṭhenkhat te chu a zawt kual a, mahse, Pu Wright-a pawh hian a hrethiam tawk lo a. Mizote’n sazu pun vak chhana mau rah an puh pawh chu a awih duh lo a ni.

              A enga pawh chu ni se, kan pi pute nunah khan ṭam hian nghawng lian tak a nei a, an hun chhiar danah te pawh ‘Ṭampui kum hma/hnu’ ti tein an lo chhui ṭhin. Kum 1720 chho bawr velah Mizoram lut angin historian thenkhat hian an chui thin a, ka pawm chiah lo. Mahse chu chu dikah lo ngai ta ila, kan pi pute British Sawrkarin an awpbeh hma khan Mautam hi vawi li chiah an tawng hman a, Ṭhingtam pawh hi vawi ruk chiah an tawng hman. Heti khawpa Mautam leh Ṭhingtam chungchang vawi tlem te chiah tawng hman chunga an hre dik thei hi an finzia lantirtu pakhat a ni thei ang.

Pem leh Ṭam

              Kan pi pute kha pem ṭhin hnam an ni a, khaw pakhat kha an luah rei ngai meuh lo a, MZU History Dept. a professor pakhat chuan a tlangpui thuin kan pi pute khan khaw khat kha kum 7-10 vel bak an luah meuh lo thu a sawi. Chutiang anga kan chhut chuan mi pakhat dam chhung ringawt pawh khan vawi 7 atanga vawi 10 vel tal chu an pem turah a ngaih theih ang. An pem chhan lian ber pakhat chu kan pi pute kha lo nei mi an ni a, lo an vat a, lo an nei a, kum tinin an lo neihna hmun an sawn ṭhin. An khaw luah bul vela ram te chu lo atan an neih zawh hnuah chuan khaw dangah an pem/kai mai ṭhin. Settled Agriculture System an hman ve loh avang khan pem kha an dam khawchhuahna atan leh an zalenna an humhimna atan a ngai a ni, mihring rilṭam chu mi zalen a nih theih loh avangin.

              Tin, an pem chhan zinga lian tak pakhat chu ṭam a tlak avang a ni. Ṭam a tlak khan thlang an tla thlang zel ṭhin bawk a, phai zawl te pawh pan an awm. Sajal Nag-a lehkhabu Pied Pipers In Northeast India tihah CJ Lyall-an Government of India, Revenue and Agriculture Dept., July 26, kum 1882-a a thawnnaah  chuan Suakpuilala fapa upa ber chu chhungkaw 80 chho vel nen an ṭam a tlak avanga an pem thu a ziak a, heihi ṭam tlak avanga pem an (British India Sawrkarin) hriat hmasak pawl a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan chhak leh thlang lal te chu an pem ta zel a. Dhaleshwari phai zawl te chu an pemna nasa ber a ni tiin Sajal Nag-a hian a ziak.

              Col. EB Elly-an Chin-Lushai ram chungchanga report 1893-a a pekah pawh khan “Lal te chuan sai ngho te leh an neih hlut thil dang te chu chaw lei nan an hralh a. An silai te leh an hriamhrei dang te pawh chu chaw nen an inthleng a ni. Ṭam a tlak avangin mi tam tak an thi a, an tlem ta deuh bawk. An lo neih ve te chuan an puar khawp a pe tawh lo. Chi emaw vaihlo emaw leina tur an nei tawh lo a. A tawi zawnga sawi chuan retheihna rapthlak takin a tlak buak a ni.” tiin a ziak a ni.

              Mi tam tak phai lamah ṭam avanga an pem thlak zel takah chuan thingpui huan enkawltute leh a bul vela British India mi leh sa (citizen) te chu an thla a muang thei lo a. Mizote khan vai ram an run ṭhin avang te pawh a ni ang. A hunlai kha chuan khang British mi leh sa te tan khan hlauh loh chi pawh a ni lo. Kum 1871-a Alexandrapur thingpui huan an run ṭuma Mizote chet dan kha an rilruah a la cham reng a, kum 10 vel chauh a liam awrh a, an khaw bul vela ṭam tuar Mizote an rawn pem thla chu an lo ral khelh lo thei lo a ni. Thuneitute’n boruak tihziaawm nan outpost velah te pawh mihring an indah belh nasa reng a. Hemi hunlaia Deputy Commissioner hnenah hian Katlicherra thingpui huan enkawltu (manager), mingo/sap pa, chuan Mizote rawn pem avanga an ralmuan loh thu leh hemi chungchanga hma la vat turin lehkha a thawn nghe nghe.

              Awpbettute thuziak (Colonial records) –in ziaka a chhinchhiah hma pawh hian ṭam a tlak chuan phaiah te hun rei lo te chhung an pem ṭhin a rinawm. Phaiah chauh ni lovin buh thar ṭha deuh khuaah te pawh an lo pem thin. Mau a tam khan khaw ṭhenkhatin tuar hle mah se khaw ṭhenkhat tan chuan thar ṭhat kum te a lo ni daih thin. Entirna pakhat han sawi ila, kum 1911-a Mau a tam a, ṭam a tlak khan Bunghmun khua chuan buh an thar ṭha em em mai a, Bunghmun khuaah chuan Bawrhsap thu pekin buh phur tur kal an tam a ni. Khaw ṭhenkhat buh thar ṭha em em mai te chuan ṭam tlak laia an buh thar ṭhat changchawiin an fate hmingah pawh Khawtinchawma, Khawtindawla, Khawtinchhima, Khawtinkhuma leh adt. tiin an lo phuah hial ṭhin. Mizo zinga MA pass hmasa ber leh UT Sawrkar laia Pu Ch.Chhunga Cabinet Minister zinga mi, Pu Khawtinkhuma pawh kha a nu leh pa te chu Bunghmun khawchhuak an ni.

              Tin, khawthlang phai (Tripura, Bangladesh, Assam) a an pem kum te leh ṭam tlak kum te hi en kawp chuan, ṭam tla kha Zofate pem chhan lian tak a ni tih kan hmu thei ang. Mahse an pem thla chhunzawm zel ta lova, a chhan chu Inner Line pela pem kha awpbettu te khan an phal lo a, tlang rama awm tir reng an duh. Chu inner line, hmuh theih loh, pela Cachar phai bula rubber hnai tum kan pi pute chu sava ang maiin awpbettute chuan an kap thla thin.

              Pem kha an ‘coping mechanism’ kha a ni ve tak meuh a, “thih nge pem?” tih kha an tan chuan zawhna lian tak a ni. Rilṭam an zalen thei si lo a. Chuvang chuan, zalenna ngai pawimawh em em ka pi pute kha an pem kual an pem kual a ni. An pem chhan tam takah chuan ṭam a tlak avanga an pem hi chhan lian tak pakhat a ni thei ang.

Awpbehna leh Ṭam

              Rilṭam chu an zalen thei lo kan tih tawh kha. Awpbettu te khan rilṭamna hi an rawn hmang ṭangkai thiam em em mai a, min awpbehna hmanraw lian ber pawl a ni.

              Lushai Expedition 1871 leh Chin-Lushai Expedtion 1889 kha han en let ta ila, British Sawrkar kha Mizo lal te bei tur khan an rawn thawk rip rapthlak lutuk. Cachar phai aṭanga Mizote bei tura rawn chho te kha sipai 1500, M.R Dally hnuaiah police 100, kuli 2764 leh sai 178 lai an ni. Chittagong lam atanga rawn chho pawh chutiang zat bawr vel tho chu an ni. Chu chuan a entir chu Mizote kha min lo hmu ropui, min lo huphurh hle tih hi a ni. Silai leh mihring nei ṭha zawk an ni a, mahse, awlsam takin Mizote kha an awpbet bik chuang lo. Mizote an ṭam chiah khan awpbettu te tan kawl a eng a, Mizote tan zan thim a inṭan a ni.

              Kum 1881-a Ṭhingtam ṭam a tlak ṭum khan khaw tam tak an ṭam a, ei tur an nei lo. Chutiang hunah chuan mi tam takin an neih rohlu te chu buh nen an thleng sup sup. Silai thlengin an thleng. Tin, mingo ho tlawn lo thei lo dinhmunah an ding tlat. J Knox Wright-a chuan he ṭam tla hian British sawrkar chu hun rangkachak a rawn hawnsakah a ngai hial a, British sawrkar-in Mizo mipuite eitur hmanga a hneh theih dawn avangin. Kum tam tak chhung indona leh innghaisakna  a chinfel theih loh chu hun rei lo te chhungin ṭam tla tuar te ṭanpuinain a chinfel theih ang tih chu Pu Knox-a chuan a ring a, Chief Commissioner of Assam hnenah a hunlai khan lehkha a thawn nghe nghe a, tihian a ziak, “Mihring ṭhatna a kan tihtur piah lamah, Lal te kan lama an ṭan theihna tura kan policy hrim hrim atan pawh heng mite kan puih hi a ṭha hle a ni” tiin.

              Awpbettu te khan he thuruk hi an hriatchhuah hma chuan tharum hmangin kan pi pute khan awpbeh an tum a, khua te an hal a, silai te an lek a, hmeichhia te an pawngsual ṭhin. Mahse chu aia thawk chak zawk chu, an buh halsak a, rilṭam a siam kha a ni tih an hre chhuak a. Kyle Jackson-a lehkhabu The Mizo Discovery Of The British Raj tihah chuan British sawrkar kum 1890 chho a “zo ram heartlands”-a an rawn luh khan buh thar zawh awllen hun lai vel an rawn tinzawn chat thu a ziak. A chhan ni awm a lang chu, mipui awllen tual chai te chu chhawr an duh a, tin, Mizote buh thar sa an ei duh vang a ni, tiin a ziak. Kum 1892 khan Pu Tarmita (J. Shakespeare) chuan “Khaw mipuite’n kan ei tur buh an thian sap sap chu a hmuhnawm hle.” tiin a lo ziak bawk a ni. Kan pi pute kha an ei khawp thar thin an ni a, khatia awpbettu sipai tam tak an rawn thlen thut khan an buh dinhmun a tihbuai a rinhlelhawm loh. Ṭam thlen turin an rawn kal hun tur chu an ruat a, an tinzawn a, a tenawm hle.

              Hemi hma deuh hian, kum1890 January thla-ah khan Pu Murray-a chu Zakapa khua a thleng a. Puak phur tur leh nula a ngen a. Nula an zawn hmuh mai loh takah chuan Zakapa nupui ka mutpui ang a ti ta a. Zakapa te chhungkua chuan khua an chhuahsan ta a ni. Pasalṭha tlem te chuan Murray-a sipai te chu an kap ta a. Murray-a pawh chu ramhnuaiah a tlan daih a, a sipai te chuan khaw mipuite buh chhek khawl te chu an hal vak mai a ni. Ni 20 hnu velah Pu Tarmita sipai te an rawn thleng ve leh a, Mizo 24 zet an rawn that a, in ding lai leh an buh chhek in te chu an hal zo ta vek mai a ni. Kum 5 a liam meuh chuan awpbettu te chuan Zakapa chu an man ta a, Murray-a a kah chhan an zawh chuan “Nula a ngen a, ka nupui hial pawh a ngen a. Ka phal tak lohah chuan kan buh te a hal a. Kan dam khawchhuahna tur a hal zawh takah chuan kah mai loh chu duh thlan tur ka nei lo a ni” a ti. Rilṭam an zalen thei si lo a. Zakapa khan a kah ngei ngei a ngai.

              Murray-a chauh ni lovin, McCabe-a pawh khan a hrat hle a, mipui rilṭam kha hmanraw pawimawh takah a hmang. Kum 1892 kum khan khaw chhak lamah ṭam a tla a, chu chu Mautam emaw Ṭhingtam emaw vang ni lovin, ruah sur ṭhat loh vang leh awpbettute’n buh tuh hun lai vel (planting cycle) an tihbuai vang a ni. Heihi McCabe-a hian a hmang ṭangkai em em a, Kyle Jackson-a chuan McCabe-a hian he ṭam thleng hi malsawmna angah a ngai hial a ni tiin a ziak. McCabe-a chuan a diary-ah, “Lushai khua hal a chhuahsan leh hi hremna a ni tawk lo tih hi ka chiang tawh hle tih hi ka sawi uar lo mah mahin ka hria. Kan hmelma te hi hmun tinah, lo atanga lo-ah kan beih a ngai a, an thlai te chu tihchhiat a, an buh chhek khawl te chu hal ral a ngai. Loh theih loh a kan hnuaia kan kun tir a ngai a ni. An rilṭamna hi kan ṭhian ṭha ber a ni a, he hmanraw puihna hian Lushai te hian muanna an rawn zawng thuai ang.” tiin a ziak a ni.

              Awpbettute chuan buh phun hun tihbuai te, buh hal te leh ei tur neih loh tir te chu an hmanrua, Mizote an awpbeh theihna tura kawng awlsam berah an ngai nghet ta. Kum 1894-ah khan Ramri khaw mipui te chuan awpbettu te ei tur an pek duh loh avang leh puak an phur duh loh avangin an tlan darh vek a, awpbettu sipaite chuan chu khua chu an hal ral vek a ni.

              Awpbettute’n buh te chu an hal hrat em avang chuan Mizote chuan khur an lai a, chutah chuan an buh te leh an neih rohlu te chu phumin an thukru ta thin a. Chu pawh chu awpbettute chuan an hmu chhuak leh a, an halsak vek thin. Kum 1892 khan sipaite chuan chutiang khur chu Eastern Lushai Hills-a khaw pakhatah an lai chhuak a, an hal ral leh vek a ni. He an hal ral hi report an peknaa a landanah chuan kilogram sing chuang a nih an rin thu a chuang nghe nghe.

              Awpbettu te chuan tuah thing te, thlai te, buh te, kel te leh ar te khaw mipui te hnenah chuan an ngen (tihluihnain) thin a.  An vawi khat chaw ei ringawt pawh kha calories 200,000 chuang a ni. Chu chuan Mizote, an chhungkaw ei khawp thar a lawm em em, nun kha a tibuai nasa em em a, an ṭam lo thei lo. Heihi Mautam emaw Ṭhingtam emawin a thlen ṭam a ni lo a, mihring thlen, awpbettu te thlen ṭam a ni. Mizote’n awpbettute an dona thahrui a chhahsak ti ta ila kan sawi sual tampui lovang. Awpbettute kha an lo rapthlak ngang a ni ang. Ṭum khat chu Pu Tarmita bulah Mizo tlangval pakhatin vaihlo a dil a. Mizo tawngin a bul hnaia Mizo lal chuan tlangval hnenah chuan “Ngawi rawh, heng vai lal te hi an thinrim chuan keipui ang mai an ni” a ti a. Chu a thusawi chu Pu Tarmita chuan a lo hre pha a, a lungawi lo chuan tlangval chu a hmaiah a hnek pawp mai a ni. Lal thu sawi tinghet turin.

              Mautam leh ṭhingtam ṭam khan Mizote nun nasa takin a nghawng a, chutiang zeta nasa a nghawng dang chu awpbettu te siam chawp ṭam kha a ni. Mihring rilṭam an zalen thei si lo a, awpbettu hnuaiah chuan kan pi pute kha an lo kun lo thei ta lo.

Kristianna leh Ṭam

              Kan pi pute awpbeh an nih a, awpbettute hmaa an tlawm a, an kun takah chuan hlauhna, ṭihna leh huatna nen mingo te chu an en lo thei lo. Kan pi pute zalenna chala chil hnawmtu an (Mingote) nih tlat avangin. Awpbettute chu an inbun nghet ta sauh sauh a, chhiah pawh Rs. 2 kum tinin awpbettute hnenah an pek a ngai ta. An rilruah chuan mingo huatna a tam a, an buh te, an khuate leh an in leh lo haltu an nih avangin.

              Chutiang karah chuan missionary an rawn lang a. Chanchin ṭha an rawn pu lut. Mahse mingo sakhua chu an duh lo a, Kristiana inlet hmasa te chu an nuihsawh a, an hmusit. Chanchin ṭha hriltute do let nan chuan Puma Zai a rawn lar chho ta a. Khaw tin deuh thawah chuan Puma Zai chuan ram a la nasa hle a, mipuite chu a hneh em em mai a ni. Mipuite a hneh em em chhan ni a lang chu an sakhua, culture leh tradition a harh tharna movement a nih vang a ni ang. Puma Zai chuan hnama chianna a rawn thlen a, mingo sakhua dona a rawn thlen tel bawk a, tin, Kristiana inlet tawh te pawh chu Puma Zai movement avanga let leh te pawh an awm.

              “Lehkhabu keng, vai lem chang, chanchin sawi reng renga puma” ti tein Mizo Kristian hmasa te chu an lo deuhsawh thin. Rohmingmawii article Conversion To Christianity : Some Perspective tihah chuan Mautam ṭam kha tla lo se chuan Puma Zai movement hian Christianity tan a chhe zawngin nghawng nasa takin a neih theih thu a ziak.

              Puma Zai hian ram a la nasa a ni ang, missionary hmasa te pawh kha an beidawng hman lek lek. JM Lloyd-a, Welsh Missionary, chuan a lehkhabu On Every High Hill tihah chuan “Rawngbawltu kal kual thinte chuan chanchin ṭha hril chu phurritah an ngai tawh a. Chanchin ṭha chuan a hmun a hloh chho mek a, miin an ngaithla duh lo a ni. Lushai ho bulah hi chuan Krista vanga kan thiltih te chu a hlawhchham niin a lang.” tiin a ziak hial a ni.

              Chutiang khawpa Puma Zaiin ram a lak nasat lai tak chuan ṭam a rawn thleng dawn hnai leh ta der mai a. Mau chu a par chho leh ta a, thangnang te an puang a, ṭam rawn tla tur an chhinchhiahna te chu a rawn thleng chho leh ta. He ṭam tla hi 1911-a Mautam ṭam kha a ni.  Mipuiin buh an neih loh takah chuan ei tur an nei ta lo a, zu siamna tur an nei ta lo bawk a, an ran te pawhin ei tur mumal an nei lo a, retheihna rapthlak tak chuan a tlakbuak. Mihring rilṭam an zalen thei si lo a, mingo te kha an hnaih lo thei lo.

              He ṭam tla hi mingo te’n Mizote min awpbeh hnu leh Missionary te rawn thlen hnua ṭam tla hmasa ber a ni. Mautam leh Ṭhingtam ṭam chungchang hi chu thuziak aṭangin mingote chuan an lo hre tawh ṭhin a, mahse, an la tawng lo. Ṭam tla hian kawng tam takin ram la turin a pui.

              Kum 1911-a ṭam a tlak hma kha chuan Kristian tih tham an la awm lo a, mi 37-ah mi 1 vel chauh Kristian an awm. Ṭam tlak avanga tawrhna, a kaihhnawih leh thil dang te a reh ṭan meuh, kum 1921-ah chuan Krstian chu mi 7-ah mi 1 vel lai an ni tawh. An pung chak hle. Ṭam tlak hma hi chuan ram lak a har em em a, ṭam a tlak chiah hian ram an la ta duai duai mai a ni. Kum 10 chhung lek hian 1000 percent-in Kristian an pung.

              Ṭam a tlak hian sap te chu an ṭam ve lo a, ei tur an nei a, an nghei ve lo. Chu chu kan pi pute tan chuan a itawm ta em em a, sap (missionary emaw administrator emaw) hnaih chuan chaw ei tur te an nei ve zel a. A bik takin missionary te an ngaih dan te chu an thlak chho a, an do tawh lo a, an hnaih sauh sauh zawk a ni. Chaw petu kut an seh ngai si lo a.

              Inner Line Regulation avangin an duh duhna hmunah te chuan an kal kual thei ta lo kan tihtawh kha. A rukin Inner Line pelh te chu an tum ta hram a, pem kha an ‘coping mechanism’ a nih tlat avangin. Ei tur an zawnna lama an pemna hmunah, outpost te hela an kal a ngaih avangin, phai ram an thlen chuan cholera avanga thi te pawh an awm nawk.

              Awpbettu sawrkar chuan buh te chu Tlawng lui atangin a la lut a, Tlawng lui kamah te chuan mipui rilṭam te chu an kat nuk a, buk te an sa hial. Mahse chung lawng te chuan buh chauh a rawn la lut lo a, cholera natna te pawh chu a rawn la lut tel a. Mipui rilṭam avanga taksa chak tawh lo te chuan an inkai chhawng zel a, khaw hrang hrangah a darh a, ṭam avang chuan natna hlauhawm tak a rawn lut tel ta. Cholera natna vei te chu khaw pawnah thi tura hnutchhiah an ni thin.

              Ṭam la let tur chuan an pathian hnenah te chuan an inthawi nasa hle a, mahse, an ran neih te chuan a daih tawh bik lo. Ei tur an nei lo a, inthawina tur phei chu hla tak a ni. An ‘coping mechanism’ chu an thlak a ngai chho ta a. Kum 1911, May thlaa Dr. Fraser-a ziah danah chuan, “Nasa takin Ṭam hi a tla mek a. Buh thar leh hma chu hmalak ngaihna a vang rih hle. Ṭam tuar te, nausen telin, engtik lai pawhin an rawn hruai reng a ni” tiin.

              Duh thlang thei dinhmunah an ding tawh lo a, mingo te kha an hnaih ta zel a. Kyle Jackson-a chuan mipui te an riṭam tak zelah chuan missionary te chanchin ṭha hrilna hun ṭha a rawn inhawng ve a ni a ti.

              Missionary te chu Mizote ṭhian ṭha an ni chho ta a, Lal te pawhin an do reng thei tawh bik lo. Missionary te nunah khan kan pi pute’n an ngaihhlut em em tlawmngaihna a awm tel tlat bawk nen.

              Kum 1911-a Mautam ṭam khan thil dang tam tak a rawn thlen kan tihtawh kha. Chung zinga mi chu mingo sawrkar laka leibatna nasa tak kha a ni. Ṭam tlak laiin buh lei nan pawisa an nei si lo a, sawrkar lakah chuan lei an ba ta ṭeuh hlawm a. Sawrkar laka an leiba rulhna turin missionary te chuan inhlawhna tur te an siamsak ṭhin. Pu Buanga (Rev. JH Lorraine) chuan “Sawrkar laka an leiba rulhna turin hna ka thawh tir a, hlawh ka pe.” tiin kum 1915 khan a lo ziak. Chung inhlawhna te pawh chuan mi tam tak kawng tam takin chhawk mah se an leiba chu an rul seng chuang lo a, Feren (French) rama indopuia kal tam tak pawh kha sawrkar laka an leiba rulhna turin a ni.

              Kum 1915-ah khan chhim lamah chuan buh leh thlai an thar mang lo a, Sap Upa (FW Savidge) khan mi a pui nasa hle. Tin, Annual Administration Report of the Lushai Hills-a inziakah chuan, kum 1916 khan buh leh thlai chu Mizoram pum puiah an thar ṭha leh ta mang lo, a kum leh, kum 1917-ah pawh chutiang bawkin. Tin, PWD hnuaia kawngpui laia inhlawh te (an leiba rulhna tura inhlawh te) chu an inhlawhna tihtawpsak a ni, PWD funding tam tak chu indopui pakhatna avanga pawh pen anih avangin.

              Chutiang karah chuan influenza natna chu a leng leh. Chhinchhiah vek theih chu a ni tawh lo a, mahse, a tlem berah mi 4627 vel influenza vang hian an boral ni a ngaih a ni. A hunlai a mi zawng zawng zing a 3 percent chu he natna avang hian an thi a ni.

              Hetiang teh nuaih a nih avang hian missionary te tan kawng a inhawng nasa em em mai a. Ṭam a tlak hma kha chuan an beidawng hman lek lek hial a nih kha. Ṭam tlak hnu erawh mipui rilṭam te, pi pute’n an hmelhriat ngai loh natna vei te, sawrkar laka leiba ngah tak tak te tan chuan missionary te kha an ṭhian ṭha ber te an ni. Lal pawh awpbettu sawrkar hnuaiah a kun tawh si a, an nun dan hlui te pawh kaihthawh tum eng ang mah se ṭam a tlak avangin an thei si lo. Mihring rilṭam an zalen thei si lo. Duh thlang thei dinhmunah an ding lo.

              Harhna ropui thleng te pawh kha kan en let ve a ngai a. Kum 1913-a harhna leh kum 1918-a harhna kha mipui harsat lai, ṭam tla an tuar lai, mipui an rilṭam lai, an chak loh lai, buh leh thlai an thar ṭhat thei loh lai, natna (cholera leh influenza) a len lai, leibatna nasa takin a tlak buak lai a ni. Harhna sawi nep kan tumna a ni lo a, harhna thlen hun lai (context) kha kan zuk thlir tel a pawimawh kan ti mai a ni. Kum 1911 leh 1921 inkarah khan Kristian 1000 percent-in an pung kan tih tawh kha.

              Tin, kum 1929 khan Ṭhingtam ṭam a tla leh a, ruah sur nasat avangin lei a min nasa em em bawk a, Minpui Kum tihialin sawi a ni thin. Kum 1921 census a Kristian zat 30.02 percent kha kum 1931-ah chuan 47.52 percent lai a ni tawh. Ṭam tla leh a nghawng thil dang tam tak leh chhiatna dang thleng kha Kristian kan nih chhanah kan puh fai vek tihna ni lovin nghawng lian tak a lo nei ve a ni kan tihna a ni e. Ṭam kha tla lo se Kristian kan ni kher ang em? Kei chuan a chhanna ka nei lo. Zawhna lian tak chu a ni.

Tlipna

              Ṭam tla hian nghawng a lo nei lian khawp mai a, chu chu a hunlai (context) zuk zir chiana, en chiana, chik chian loh chuan a nghawng neih te hi hmuh hmaih a awl hle. Mingo te ropuina leh chakna leh Mizote mawlna leh chak lohna kan history a thil thleng te kha puh fai vek a awl. Mahse a hunlaia kan pi pute dinhmun chhiatzia (an mahni tihsual vang ni lovin, awpbeh an nih vang zawkin) kha kan zuk thlir thiam a ngai a ni. Awpbeh kan nih chhan te kha thlirna thar a kan thlir a ngai a, Kristian kan nih chhan pawh Missionary te hnathawh ṭhat leh hah vang chauh a ni lovin, ṭam te, cholera te, influenza te, leiba te, leh harsatna dang tam tak kha a tel ve tih kan hriat a ngai. A hunlaia piang a cheng ve lo tan chuan hriatthiam pawh a har viau ang, mahse, a thleng tlat si a ni. Awpbettute tarmit ringawt ni lova tarmit dang te a kan chanchin te hi kan thlir a kan hmuh fiah a ṭul hle.