Hmân ata tawh, awh beh kan nih tirh atanga tun thlengin awptu hlimthla chuan min la awp bet a, chhuah tum a hnehin kan tân inah chuan nuam kan ti a, awptute’n min hmuh dan chu kan inhmuh dan a rawn ni chho a, tunah phei chuan ngaihdan dang, ngaihdan thar ngaihtuah thei pawh kan awm tawh meuh lo. Hei hi kan nihna reng emaw kan ti tawh. Awptute’n kan nihna an siam chu vawng nungin, nunna thaw kan thaw lut. Ngaihtuahna thar rawn awm thei lo turin ngaih dan nghet sa chu kan lem tlang dual dual a, ngaihtuahna thar reng a awm thei tawh lo. Mizote hi hnam mâwl angin kan inngai a, hnam naupang angin, hnam hnuaihnung angin. Chu mi ngaih dan chu eng vangin nge kan neih tih hi kan inzawt ngai em? Kan mawl reng em, kan naupang reng em, kan hnuaihnung reng em? Chutiang zawhna chu zawt lova thil awm dan sa (status quo) tuh ngheh hi mi tam zawkin kan tih ka ringhlel love. Chu chu talhfiaka vuak darh a ngai a, ziakfunga ngaih dan awm sa (awpbettu ngaih dan siam) rawn siam ṭhat a ngai a ni.
Zofate Sakhua
Kum 1891 chho vel khan Mizoram hi mingo hnuaiah a kûn ta a, chhim lam lal la tlawm lote chu awm mah se, Mizoram lai li (core)-a an lalte kha chu an tlâwm chho a ni. Chu mi hnuah January ni 11, 1894-ah Sap Upa leh Pu Buanga te an rawn lût a, anni khan Kristianna chì an rawn tuh a, tun thlengin Mizote chu Kristian vek angah kan inngaih theih tak hi (Mi tam tak chu ni lo pawh an awm). Chu Kristianna chanchin ṭha chu kan chungah an rawn nghat a, Mizote chu kan sakhuana ata Kristian sakhuaah kan lût ta a ni. Kristian kan ni ta hi a ṭha tih chu kan pawm tlang thei ang. Amaherawhchu, Mizote sakhua lo neih sa kha mi tam takin thing bul leh lung bul bia anga ngawta kan chhuah hniam ta ṭhin chu a pawi a, Mizote kha inthawina ngawt leh thing bul lung bul bia ngawt kan nih lohzia leh sakhaw mumal tak kan neihzia hi kan hriat thar a ngai tak zet. Ramhuai bia kan nih loh ziate hi kan hriat thar a pawimawh.
Zofate hian sakhaw mumal tak kan lo nei a, chu chu kan hmu thiam tawh lovin kan hre tawh lo thin a, hnam mawl emaw kan intih phah leh ngawt ṭhin. University of Birmingham-a Dr. Lawmsanga Phd. Thesis “A Critical Study On Christian Mission With Special Reference To Presbyterian Church Of Mizoram” -ah chuan Mizo sakhuanain khawvel leh a piahlam a thlir dan hi hmun ngaa thenin a rawn sawi fiah a:
- Supreme Being : Pathian, a hnenah thil pek (offerings) hlan a ni ṭhin.
- Celestial Being : Pu Vana, Vanhrika, Vanchung Nula leh adt.
- Benevolent Spirit : Khuavang, Khal, Lasi, leh adt.
- Malevolent Spirit : Ramhuai, Phung, Khawhring leh adt.
- Earthly Being : Mihring, Ramsa leh nunna nei lo thlengin.
Hetiang deuh tho hian Lawmsanga hma lamah Rev. Zairema te pawhin an lo ziak tawh a ni.
Tuna kan sakhuana ang lo tak hian Mizote sakhua kha chu mihring a tinzawn (anthropocentric) vek bik reng reng lo, a darh zauin a huam kim (holistic) em em. Nature nen te khan rualrem takin a kal dun. Chu mai bakah, Mizo sakhuaah kha chuan sual leh fel emaw eng leh thim indo kha a awm lutuk lo a, a awm ve berah pawh huai te khan an thuneihna huang inchuh kha a ni deuh ber. Sakhua khan an ni tin nun a rem fel ti ila kan sawi sual lo ang. An incheinaah te, an ram kalnaah te, lo an neih dawn te, khaw thar an kai dawn te, an kût dawnte khan an sakhua kha a lang chiang em em, fel fai takin.
Tin, he thumal “sakhua” kan tih hi a thu ṭobul (etymology) kan chhui chian te pawh a ngai ang. Sap hovin ‘religion’ an tih leh ‘sakhua’ kan tih hi tunah chuan thu inanga hman a ni tawh. Mahse thûk taka chhui chian chuan inzawmna a nei lo tih kan hre thei awm e. K. Zawla chhui chiannaah chuan ‘sa’ leh ‘khua’ hi thil hrang a ni a; ‘sa’ tih chu siamtu tihna a ni a, ‘khua’ tih chu venghimtu/humhimtu tihna a ni tiin a ziak. Chu chu tun hnuah kan lo ti ‘sakhua (religion)’ ta a lo ni.
Ziaktu tam takin Mizo pi pute sakhua kha spiritism emaw animism emaw tia an sawi fo pawh hi a dik lo deuh a ni tih pawh Rev. Lalhmingchhuanga Zongte lehkhabu ‘Savun Kawrfual’ chhiar chuan an hre fur ang. Mizote sakhuaah khân tawngtaite pawh an tawngtai thin tihte pawh Savun Kawrfual-ah hian a rawn thai lang a :
Chunga mi’n lo chhang ang che
Hnuaia mi’n lo chhang ang che
Pi Biakin lo chhang ang che
Pu Biakan lo chhang ang che
titein an lo tawngtai thin a lo ni. Ramhuai bia kan ni ngawt lo aw, ka pu!
Albert Vanlalruata thuziah “Rethinking Mizo Belief System” tihah chuan hmanlai Mizote sakhua leh nun dân kha tuna ngaih dan awm sa (discourse) hmang hi chuan thlir thiam a har hle a, a chhan chu hriatna leh thiamna tihpunna (knowledge production)-ah thûk takin Judeo-Christian theology a tel tawh vang a ni tiin a sawi. Chu khawthlir hmanga thlir chuan Mizo sakhua kha kim lo, dik lo, leh mawlmang anga thlir a awl hle a, mi tam takin an thlir dan pawh a ni.
Kan pi pute nun dan leh sakhuana kha a mawlmang lo a ni mai lo a, a fel fai hle a, a buai chuar lo. Rev. Lalhmingchhuanga Zongte phei chuan “Sakhua dan ṭha tak leh ropui tak a ni” a lo ti hial. Chutih rual erawh chuan “kha sakhuana kha a ṭha e” tiin kan ko let leh dawn tihna pawh a ni chuang lo. Amaherawhchu, missionary te kan fak dawn apianga kan sakhua leh kan pi pute mawl lutuk leh thing bul lung bul bia leh ramhuai hial bia anga kan insawi fo te, bal leh tawp lutuk anga kan insawi ṭhin te chu hi a ninawm tawh a ni. Keimahni chungchangah mingo dawt sawi kan awih a, kan nihna (identity) kan hmusit a, mingo ho tehna a civilized kan nih loh vang ngawtin kan civilized lo tihna a ni lo.
Kan pi pute lo fin zia kha an sakhaw tlâng atanga thlir hian a chiang hle awm e! Tunah thil engmah zir chiang lova, hriat chian emaw fiah emaw tum lova, awptu hlimthla tinghet tura awptute’n min hmuh dan tarmit atanga la inthlir reng hi a atthlak daih zawk i ti ve hial lo maw?
Oral Culture hi mawl tihna a ni lo
Mi tam takin hnam mâwl nia Mizote min puhna (a puhtute pawh tunah chuan Mizote tho) ṭanchhan lian tak chu ziak (written script) kan nei lo hi a ni. Mahse chu thlirna pawh chu Western tarmita thlirna a ni a, awpbettute (colonizers) tarmit aṭanga thlirna tho a ni ti ta ila tam tak chu an na viau mai thei. Kan dam nan nat a ṭul tawhte pawh a ni ang.
Zofate thlang tlâk chanchin kan chhui chuan hmun hrang hranga an awm thu kan hre thei ang. A nih chuan mi hrang hrang nen an lo cheng ho tawh ṭhin ngei anga, tlângah te, phaiah te. Chung mi hrang hrang zinga thenkhat chuan ziak (script) an neih ngei a rinawm a ni. Kawlphaia kan pi pute an awm lai te pawh khan Kawl ho, ziak (script) nei tawhte nen khan an cheng ho ngei tih pawh kan hria ang. Mizote khan ziak kha a awm tih an hre ngei anga, eng vangin nge an lo neih ve tak loh emaw, (thlir dan dang deuhin) an lo neih duh ve tâk loh tih chu kan thlir ho a ngai a, a pawimawh hle.
Political Scientist James C. Scott-a chuan a lehkhabu, “The Art of Not Being Governed”-ah chuan eng vangin nge oral culture hi Southeast Asia mite, ‘Zomia’ tia a koh, hian an lo neih tih a chhui chiang a. Chu lehkhabuah chuan oral culture hi an (Zomia hote) duh vang rènga thlang an nih thu a ziak a. Tin, oral culture chu mawlna emaw civilized lo bik emaw tihna ni lovin, zalenna duh vang zawk a nih thu a rawn ziak a ni. Pu Scott-a hian awpbettu tarmit atangin a rawn thlir ve lo a, western tarmit emaw ziak nei civilization tarmit emawin a thlir hek lo, tarmit tharin a thlir a, chu tarmit chuan thil ṭhar a hmu a ni.
Mi tam takin, a bik takin tlâng ram ni lova civilization nei tein, mawlna emaw kawlhsenna an tehna chu ziak leh chhiar thiam loh hi a ni a. Tlâng mite min hmuh dan hrang hranga kan nihna anga an sawi lian ber chu ziak leh chhiar thiam lohna (illiterate) hi a ni. Mahse Pu Scott-a Zomia-te chu ziak leh chhiar thiam lo (illiterate) ni lovin, ziak leh chhiar thiam tawha hnawl ta (preliterate emaw postliterate emaw) tiin tarmit ṭhar hmangin a rawn thlir a ni. Ziak leh chhiar thiam lohna chuan mihring hi zalenna a pe lian em em mai a, history-ah te, thlahtu chhui (genealogy)-ah te leh state that lohna laka invênna kawngah te.
Southeast Asia mite chanchin chhui chhui hian kan thawnthuah thil inang tlâng a awm a, chu chu ziak chu kan nei thin a, amaherawhchu, kan fimkhur loh vang emaw tu emaw misual kan tawn sual vangin emaw kan chânin kan hloh ta a ni tih hi a ni. Zofate pawhin savun lehkha kan nei ṭhin a, mahse, uiin min put bo sak ta a nih kha. Hetiang thawnthu hi Southeast Asia-a midang pawhin an lo nei fur hlawm mai a. Akha ho chanchinah chuan lawi vun (savun chikhat)-ah an ziak ṭhin a, mahse, Tai sipaite laka an raltlanna lamah an ril a tam tawh hle a, an ei zo ta a ni an ti. Lahu ho chuan an pathian Gui-Sha-in chhang a siamsak a, chu chhangah chuan ziak a pe a, mahse, anni pawhin chhang chu an ei zo a, an ziak chu an hloh hlen ta a ni. Karen ho ve thung erawh chu Zofate nen a in ang zual a; Karen, Han, leh Burman (Kawl) te chu unau an ni a, ziak an nei vek a, Han leh Burman te chuan an vawng ṭha a, mahse Karen-te chuan savunah an ziak a, ran emaw ramsain emaw a ei zo daih an ti a ni. Zofate chauh hian ziak an lo ti bo bik lo.
Chuta kan thlir leh ngai ta chiah chu ziak (script) nei civilization-a awm mite khan ziak leh chhiar an lo thiam vek em tih hi a ni. An lo thiam vek awzawng lo mai a, a thiam te chu mi tlem te (elite) chauh an ni a, a bâk zawng chu oral culture thoin an nung a ni. Ziak leh chhiar thiam tlemte chu state structure tinghettute an ni a, lal chanchinte an ziak a, lalte an lal zel theihna turin dân an siam (ziak) a, lalte pathian ang tluk hiala en theihna turin an chanchinte chu thu dik ziktluak lo hmangin an ziak ropui thin a ni. Chu chu history kan chhiar chuan kan hmu thei ang. Chung ram, a bik takin phai zawlah te chuan chhiah rapthlak tak an khawn a, lal hnuaiah leh hnam ropui (ziak a awm avanga ropui a inchhal thei) te lakah hnam hnuaihnung zawkte chu an kûn a. Zomia-te erawh chu rorelna dik lo leh zalenna thawkchhamna hmuna awm reng chu duh lovin tlâng ramah an kal ta a, tlâng rama an kal dawn chuan phai rama an awm laia thil an hriat tam takte chu an thlah a ngai a, an awmna hmun leh an inrelbawlna turah a tangkai dawn loh avangin. Chu an thlah zingah chuan ziak (script) hi a tel a, ziak kan nei ta lo a ni. Amaherawhchu, ziak (script) nei lo mah ila, kan thawnthuahte chuan kan pi leh pute’n an lo nei ṭhin tih kan hmu thei thung. Ziak (script) chu bo mah se kan hriatrengnaah erawh kan nei ṭhin tih chu a cham reng a ni kan ti thei ang.
Kan pi leh pute khan ziak an mamawh ta lo a, oral culture hnuaiah an mamawh chin an inhlan chhawng thei a. Tin, history te, genealogy te leh rinna te chu a hun leh a hmun azirin flexible deuhin an lo kalpui ta. Oral Culture-ah chuan thil nghet a awm thei lo a, ngaihdante pawh a insiam reng zung zung thei, ziaka sawi leh fak tur a awm tlat loh avangin. Chu chu kan pi pute zalenna ngaina em em tute tan chuan a pawimawh hle ang. Oral Culture-ah chuan an thil mamawh hunlaiin thu leh ngaih dan a awm a, an mamawh loh chuan amaha ralin a bo ve leh mai ṭhin. An mamawh chuan a dam reng thung. Khawtlang nun hona atana pawimawh an tih te chu an vawng nung reng a; tlawmngaihna te, aia upa zahna te pawh an inzirtir reng. Tin, an lo neih dan te, ram chhuah dan te, thang kam dan te, puan tah dan te, la her dan te, in sak dan te leh a dang tam tak pawimawh em em chu an lo chhawm nung reng a, an inhrilh chhawng zel a ni. Hei hi a chian em emna chu kan pi pute kha Len tlânga an awm hma khan la an kaih ṭhin a, puan an nei. Mahse Len tlânga an awm hnu khan la a ṭo thei lo a, siapsuap leh hnawkhalin an inthuam ṭhin, la a ṭo theih tlat loh avangin. Hmun danga an insawn hnu khan an hriatna ata a bo lova, la an chìng a, an kaih a, an tah leh mai. Thu hmanga an lo inhrilh chhawn zel vang a ni ang.
Tin, oral culture-a thu inhrilh chhawn hi (a inhrilh chhawngtute tan a pawimawh tak tak a nih chuan) a lo dik thuiin a lo accurate thei khawp mai. Pu Scott-a research neihnaah chuan hnam pakhatin thawnthu an sawi chu hmun dang daihah ṭawng dang daih hmangin an lo nei a, an thawnthu sawiah danglam mang a awm lo tih thute a ziak lang a ni. Ziakin ṭhatna a neih lai nei tho siin, oral culture chu a duh hunah a fân (flexible) kual vel thei hi tlang rama cheng, zalenna ngai pawimawh bertute tan chuan a pawimawh hle. Thlahtu chhui a ngaih tawi a, chanchin chhui tur an neih tawi poh leh a hmunah thil an siam (invent) nghal zel thei dawn a, hmun khata rei deuh an awm ngai loh avangin chu chu an tan a ṭha hle a ni.
Chuvang chuan awpbettu tarmit aṭang leh western tarmit aṭanga thlira ziak kan neih loh avanga hnam mawl anga inngaihna leh history pawh nei lo anga inngaihna hi chu bo thei se. Ziaka awm chauh hi history a ni lo, kan pi pute khan nation-state leh a ken thil ṭha lo tam tak an hlatsan duh avang leh zalenna an ngaih pawimawh em avangin ziak an lo nei ta lo pawh kha an mawh lo ve! Hawh u, ziak (script) kan pi pute’n an neih loh vang ngawt khan mawlah i puh tawh lo ang u.
